The Problem With App Stores

A long aisle resembling a digital store, with walls covered in colourful app icons on glowing screens. Price tags hang beside the displays, and a shopping trolley holding a smartphone sits in the foreground, suggesting apps presented as consumer goods.

A Subtle Discomfort

There is something about app stores that has never quite sat right with me. This is not a rejection of their usefulness. They are undeniably convenient, and in many cases they make installing software easier, safer, and more consistent. I use them myself.

And yet, over time, a quiet discomfort has surfaced.

It is not the obvious things that bother me. It is not the interface, or the concept of centralised updates, or even the idea of curated software in principle. The unease comes from something more subtle. A feeling that, somewhere along the way, installing software stopped being a deliberate act and became a passive one.

App stores feel less like places you go with a clear intention, and more like environments you exist within. Software presents itself whether you asked for it or not. Recommendations, rankings, and featured listings gently shift the focus away from what you set out to do, and toward what is being offered to you.

This raises a simple but important question. When installing something becomes effortless and ever present, what happens to the intentionality that once framed the act of choosing what we allow onto our machines, and by extension, into our lives?


Installing Software Used to Be an Intentional Act

There was a time when installing software required a clear decision. You did not install things casually or by accident. You identified a need or a curiosity, and then you went looking for something specific to address it.

This process involved effort. You might have purchased software on physical media, or downloaded it from a particular website after some consideration. Installation often took time. Sometimes it failed. Sometimes it conflicted with other software. None of this was especially elegant, but it created a natural pause between wanting something and acting on that desire.

That pause mattered.

It acted as a filter. You were less likely to install something unless you genuinely intended to use it. Software entered your system because you made room for it, both practically and mentally. The act of installation carried a sense of commitment.

In that context, software felt more like a tool than a presence. It existed to serve a specific purpose, and once that purpose was fulfilled, the relationship often ended. There was no expectation of ongoing engagement beyond the task at hand.

What has been lost is not simply inconvenience, but deliberation. Installing software used to be an extension of intentional choice. It reflected a moment where you decided what you needed, and acted accordingly.


App Stores and the Shift to Ambient Consumption

App stores changed more than the mechanics of installing software. They changed the context in which discovery happens. Searching for a specific solution has gradually been replaced by browsing within a curated environment.

Instead of seeking out software to meet an identified need, users are encouraged to explore what is available. Lists of popular apps, featured selections, recommendations, and rankings all invite a different mode of engagement. Software becomes something you encounter rather than something you deliberately seek.

This shift may seem minor, but its effects are significant. Browsing encourages openness, distraction, and impulse. Searching encourages focus, intention, and clarity. When browsing becomes the default, the question subtly changes from “What do I need?” to “What is being presented to me?”

Over time, this alters the relationship between the user and their tools. Installing software begins to resemble consumption rather than selection. The act becomes lighter, quicker, and less considered. The barrier to entry is lowered, but so is the sense of purpose.

In this environment, software no longer waits to be chosen. It competes for attention. Visibility becomes as important as usefulness, and sometimes more so. What rises to the surface is not always what is most appropriate, but what is most effectively positioned.

This is the point at which installation stops feeling like a conscious decision and starts to feel like a background activity. Something that happens alongside everything else, rather than as a result of a clear intention.


Curation Is Not Neutral

App stores often present themselves as neutral organisers. They appear to simply sort, categorise, and make software easier to find. In practice, curation is never passive. Decisions are being made about what is visible, what is promoted, and what is quietly pushed to the margins.

When software discovery is centralised, visibility becomes a form of power. Apps that align with the priorities of the platform are more likely to be surfaced. Those that do not may still exist, but they become harder to encounter without already knowing what you are looking for.

This has subtle but far reaching consequences. Software that is useful, thoughtful, or deliberately minimal does not always thrive in environments that reward engagement, monetisation, or scale. Meanwhile, applications designed to maximise retention or data collection are often better suited to the metrics that determine prominence.

The result is not overt censorship, but quiet shaping. Users are not told what they cannot install. Instead, they are guided toward what is most visible, most approved, or most easily integrated into the platform’s broader ecosystem.

Over time, this shapes expectations. Certain kinds of software begin to feel normal, while others feel obscure or fringe. The app store does not simply reflect demand. It actively participates in creating it.


From Tools to Ongoing Relationships

Installing software used to be a largely finite transaction. You acquired a tool, used it for a specific purpose, and moved on when that purpose was fulfilled. The relationship was clear and limited.

Many modern apps operate differently. Installation is no longer the end of the exchange, but the beginning of an ongoing relationship. Even software that appears simple often arrives with expectations attached. Requests for permissions, invitations to create accounts, prompts to enable notifications, and background activity are now common.

This creates a shift in assumptions. Software does not simply wait to be used. It checks in. It reminds. It nudges. It asks for continued attention, even when its original value has already been extracted.

What is striking is that this expectation often persists regardless of relevance. An app does not need to remain useful in order to remain present. Even when it no longer serves a meaningful purpose, it may still request updates, data, or engagement.

This changes how software feels. It stops being a passive tool and starts to resemble a claimant on attention. The boundary between use and obligation becomes blurred. What was once an object you reached for now feels like something that reaches back.


Convenience as a Mask

The appeal of app stores is not imagined. They genuinely reduce friction. They simplify updates, improve security in many cases, and make software installation accessible to people who would otherwise find it intimidating. These benefits are real, and it would be dishonest to ignore them.

However, convenience also reshapes behaviour.

When installing software becomes effortless, deliberation quietly fades. The cost of trying something drops so low that there is little reason to pause. Installing an app feels reversible and inconsequential, even when it is not.

Over time, this changes how refusal is experienced. Saying no begins to feel like unnecessary friction rather than an active choice. Declining permissions, disabling notifications, or avoiding suggested installs can start to feel like resisting the system rather than simply exercising agency.

Convenience smooths over these tensions. It presents itself as kindness, while quietly encouraging compliance. The easier something is to accept, the more unusual it feels to decline it.

In this way, convenience does not remove pressure. It relocates it. The effort is no longer in installing software, but in maintaining boundaries around it.


Why Some Platforms Feel Less Invasive

Not all app stores provoke the same level of discomfort. In some ecosystems, they function as optional conveniences rather than unavoidable gateways. This difference is not primarily technical. It is cultural.

On most Linux distributions, app stores exist alongside many other accepted ways of installing software. Package managers, direct downloads, source builds, and repositories all coexist. The presence of an app store does not imply that software outside of it is unsafe or unofficial by default. Users are still assumed to have agency, curiosity, and responsibility.

In this context, the app store feels like a shortcut rather than a rulebook. It offers convenience without defining legitimacy. If you know what you want and prefer another route, the system does not quietly punish you for that choice.

By contrast, platforms such as Windows, macOS, iOS, and Android increasingly frame their app stores as the correct and responsible way to install software. While alternatives may still exist in some cases, they are often discouraged through warnings, additional friction, or limited functionality. Installing software outside of the approved channel is subtly framed as risky, outdated, or irresponsible.

On mobile platforms in particular, the app store is not just preferred, but enforced. Discovery, installation, updates, and monetisation are tightly bound to a single gatekeeper. This centralisation gives the platform significant influence over what software is visible, viable, and economically sustainable.

The result is a clear shift in assumption. On Linux, the app store supports agency. On more tightly controlled platforms, it replaces it. The difference is not about security or ease of use alone, but about who is ultimately trusted to decide what belongs on a user’s device.


What’s Really Being Eroded

The core issue with app stores is not the loss of freedom to install software. In most cases, that freedom still exists in some form. What has changed is more subtle, and more consequential.

What is being eroded is intentionality.

When discovery is managed, when installation is effortless, and when software assumes an ongoing relationship by default, the space for deliberate choice narrows. Decisions happen faster, with less reflection. Over time, this reshapes how users relate to their devices.

There is also a quieter loss of ownership over desire. When needs are anticipated and presented in advance, it becomes harder to tell whether an action originated from a genuine requirement or from exposure. The line between choosing and being guided begins to blur.

This erosion does not announce itself as restriction. It arrives as convenience, safety, and efficiency. Nothing is taken away outright. Instead, the conditions that once encouraged pause, discernment, and commitment slowly dissolve.

The result is a digital environment where fewer choices feel consciously made, even though options appear abundant. Software multiplies, but clarity diminishes. The system becomes rich in possibility and poor in meaning.


Not Anti Progress, Pro Agency

This is not an argument against app stores as a concept. They solve real problems and, when used thoughtfully, can genuinely improve the experience of managing software. The issue is not their existence, but the role they have come to play.

When a single channel shapes discovery, defines legitimacy, and normalises ongoing extraction of attention, it stops being a neutral convenience and starts to influence behaviour. What is lost in the process is not access, but agency.

Questioning this shift is not a rejection of progress. It is a refusal to treat all change as inherently positive. Progress that reduces friction but erodes intentionality comes with costs that are easy to overlook precisely because they arrive quietly.

Tools should serve clear purposes. They should enter our systems because we invite them in, not because they are placed in our path often enough to feel inevitable. Reclaiming that distinction matters.

Being more intentional about what we install is a small act, but it reflects a larger stance. One that values conscious choice over managed exposure, and agency over convenience.

‘Tis the Season to Be Manipulated: Surviving the Pop-Upocalypse

A warm Christmas living room with a decorated tree and fireplace. A laptop sits on a coffee table, surrounded by bright digital pop up ads that say SALE, LIMITED OFFER, CLICK HERE, SIGN UP, DON'T MISS OUT, and 50% OFF. The scene contrasts cosy holiday comfort with overwhelming online advertising.

It is Christmas time.
The season of giving, peace, goodwill, and apparently, weaponised pop-ups.

This morning, I opened my computer with the pure intention of doing something wholesome. I made a coffee and prepared to write this article. Instead, I was greeted by a full screen demand from my ad blocker. The very tool I rely on to protect me from digital harassment proudly informed me that it had blocked 7,085 ads, and would I like to purchase premium.

There is something almost poetic about being pressured by the software that is supposed to protect me from pressure.

It is like hiring a bodyguard who immediately holds out a hand and says, I saved your life. Pay up or next time, who knows.

And that was before I even opened a browser.

Welcome to the Pop-Upocalypse.


A Landscape of Interruption

If you have attempted Christmas shopping online in recent years, you already know the terrain.

You click onto a site.
It begins innocently enough.
And then:

  • SIGN UP FOR 10 PERCENT OFF
  • WAIT, DO NOT LEAVE
  • HAVE YOU ACCEPTED OUR COOKIES
  • CHOOSE BETWEEN FIFTY TRACKING PREFERENCES
  • LIMITED TIME OFFER JUST FOR YOU
  • ALLOW NOTIFICATIONS

It is like being assaulted by a chorus of overexcited salespeople bursting out of broom cupboards every fifteen seconds.

Most neurotypical people hate it.
Neurodivergent people find it worse.
It is a sensory gauntlet, a cognitive assault, a hostile environment built to override autonomy.

The question is why do we tolerate it.
And more importantly, why does it exist at all.


Why Pop-Ups Exist: The Gory Truth

Pop ups, overlays, cookie walls, and forced signups do not exist by accident.
They are not examples of bad design.
They are intentional psychological manipulation backed by data and defended by money.

Pop ups work.

Not on everyone.
Not even on most people.
But on enough people.

If a pop up annoys ninety five percent of visitors and successfully pressures two percent into acting, marketers celebrate. Investors approve. Designers are told to do more of that.

This is because the modern internet does not care whether you feel respected, informed, or at ease.

It cares about conversions.
A beautifully dystopian word that refers to the process of transforming a human being into a measurable event.

Click.
Signup.
Purchase.
Obedience.

That is the true currency of the online Christmas shopping season.

Not joy.
Not generosity.
Not the spirit of giving.

Conversions.


Hostile Architecture, Digital Edition

We talk about hostile architecture in public spaces. Anti homeless spikes, benches that prevent rest, gates that quietly funnel people in profitable directions.

Online shopping is built the same way.

• Dark patterns
• Time pressure tactics
• Interruptive overlays
• Intentionally confusing cookie settings
• Limited stock claims that magically reset
• Buttons designed to look like one thing but act like another

Even the fonts and colours are chosen to trigger specific instinctive responses.

This is not a marketplace.
It is a behavioural laboratory, and we are test subjects.


The Neurodivergent Problem

For neurodivergent people, autistic, ADHD, sensory sensitive, or cognitively overloaded, these interruptions are not slightly annoying.

They are disorienting.
They are overwhelming.
They are stressful.
They can be genuinely painful.

They disrupt the flow of thought.
They derail working memory.
They force unexpected decisions at high frequency.
They punish focus and reward impulsivity.

Yet it is our reactions that are treated as atypical. Not the manipulative design itself.

The truth is that the design is hostile to everyone.
Neurodivergent people are simply more honest about their discomfort.


The Bold Conclusion: This Is Not Normal, and It Is Not Benign

Somewhere along the line, the internet shifted from a tool we use to a machine that uses us.

Christmas shopping should be peaceful and even joyful.
Instead, we are treated as prey, nudged and pressured and interrupted until the system gets what it wants.

I am sickened by it.
I think we should all be.

The more we accept this digital coercion as normal, the more it becomes the baseline from which future manipulations will escalate.


How To Protect Yourself, or at Least Defend Your Sanity

A few practical strategies:

  • Use aggressive ad blockers, for example uBlock Origin rather than lightweight imitators
  • Enable cosmetic filtering to remove non ad pop ups
  • Shop via product search rather than homepages
  • Use reader mode wherever possible
  • Leave sites that treat you like a conversion target

Nothing terrifies a manipulative company more than being ignored.

Above all, recognise manipulation when you feel it.

Your disgust is not an overreaction. It is your sovereignty speaking.

During a season that is supposed to celebrate humanity, generosity, and connection, perhaps the most radical act is to reclaim your own mind from a system that keeps trying to pop up over it.

Sainsbury’s Nectar ‘Loyalty’ Scheme: Coercion Into App Dependency

A stylised illustration of a Nectar loyalty card dissolving into a glowing QR code. Small faded smartphone notification icons surround the QR code, creating a subtle cage-like effect. The image represents the shift from physical loyalty cards to app-based systems.

ALARM BELLS IN A “ROUTINE UPDATE”

The subject line alone stopped me in my tracks:

There is something about a sentence like that, calm on the surface but quietly signalling that the rules have shifted, that immediately puts me on alert. Changes to how you collect and spend your points is not a minor technical tweak. It is a foundational adjustment to how the entire system works.

Just a few lines into the email, beneath a short justification about “maintaining the security of your points,” came the statement that confirmed my unease:

No explanation. No alternatives. No acknowledgement of how significant that instruction really is. It was presented as if it were the most natural thing in the world.

For me, this was an immediate alarm bell. It did not read like a harmless update. It read like the quiet conversion of a long standing physical system into a digital one. A shift from loyalty card to loyalty app, framed as security rather than as a fundamental change in customer interaction.


WHEN LOYALTY SCHEMES BECOME DIGITAL GATEWAYS

Loyalty schemes used to be simple. You carried a physical card, you scanned it, you collected points, and you occasionally exchanged those points for something modest. There were no hidden conditions and no digital obligations. A card was a card, nothing more.

Today the loyalty card is becoming something else entirely. More companies are shifting these schemes into smartphone apps, and with that shift comes a completely different relationship between customers and the business.

On the surface, an app looks like a modern convenience. In reality, it introduces several changes that are rarely acknowledged.

First, an app becomes a data harvesting vessel. Every interaction can be logged and analysed. This includes what you buy, when you buy it, the patterns in your purchases, the frequency of visits, the times you tend to shop, and even the products you pause to consider. That data is used to predict and influence behaviour. It becomes the foundation for targeted marketing, personalised nudges and subtle shaping of buying habits.

Second, an app creates a direct marketing channel through notifications. These can be promotional messages, reminders, alerts about offers or time sensitive prompts designed to draw you into the store more frequently. Notifications bypass the customer’s conscious choice to engage. They appear on your locked phone and rely on the psychological pull of visual prompts.

Third, apps allow companies to make significant changes without asking for consent. Updates are often automatic. Terms can shift. Features can be added or removed without warning. A tool that begins as a simple way to check your points can gradually evolve into something more controlling. By installing the app, customers open themselves up to potential bait and switch tactics where the purpose and behaviour of the app can change over time.

None of these concerns exist with a physical card.
A card does not track behaviour.
A card does not send notifications.
A card cannot silently update itself.

This is why the wording in the Nectar email did not feel like a minor update. It felt like another step in a wider transformation. Optional apps are becoming expected apps. Expected apps are becoming required apps. What was once a convenient extra is becoming the main path, while everything outside the app becomes more limited or more awkward.

With this context in mind, the announcement that customers “will need to use the QR code in the Nectar app” did not feel like progress. It felt like the opening of a different kind of relationship, one built on increasing digital reliance rather than genuine customer choice.


MY INITIAL CONCERNS

My immediate reaction was concern for accessibility and fairness.

Many people do not use smartphones.
Many do, but keep them intentionally minimal.
Many avoid unnecessary apps for privacy, storage or mental health reasons.
Many have disabilities that make smartphone use difficult.
Some people, like me, prefer communication that is simple and text based and do not rely on apps unless necessary.

These customers deserve the same level of access as everyone else, and the Nectar update did not explain how they would be supported. The all or nothing tone of the customer email felt like a push toward a system that may not suit everyone.

I wanted clarity.
I wanted to know whether the change was genuinely necessary.
I wanted to know whether it had a real security basis.
I wanted to know how it affected non app users.
And I wanted someone at Sainsbury’s to explain the contradiction between their language of flexibility and the instruction that customers “will need” to use the app.

So I wrote to them.


THE EMAIL I SENT

My message was polite and straightforward. I raised four simple points.

First, I asked why the QR system was needed and what problem it solved.
Second, I asked if customers who do not use the app would be able to continue collecting and spending points.
Third, I asked what alternatives actually exist in practice.
Finally, I asked how Sainsbury’s reconciled the firm wording of the customer email with the their supposed ongoing commitment to fairness and accessibility.

It felt like a reasonable approach.


THEIR FIRST REPLY

The response from the Executive Office sounded reassuring at first. It spoke about improved security and improved efficiency. It claimed that QR codes allow for encrypted data transfer and that this reduces the risk of misuse. It also insisted that the Nectar app was not mandatory and that customers could still use their physical Nectar card via the magnetic strip.

Under closer inspection, the reassurance did not hold up.

There was no explanation of what encryption actually meant in this context. QR codes and barcodes both present visible identifiers, so the claim did not make technical sense without further detail. None was provided.

There was no clarification of what security issue the change was addressing.
There was no mention of any misuse linked to barcodes.

Most importantly, there was a clear contradiction.
The customer email said that shoppers “will need to use the QR code in the Nectar app.”
The Executive Office said the app was not mandatory.

The two positions could not both be correct.

I decided to ask for more detail.


MY FOLLOW UP QUESTIONS

I asked what encryption they were referring to and at what stage it is applied.
I asked how QR codes are less vulnerable to misuse than barcodes.
I asked whether there were any documented security incidents involving barcodes.
I asked how the customer email and the executive reassurance could both be true.
I asked whether Sainsbury’s had any intention to move toward mandatory app usage in the future or to limit functionality for those who do not use the app.

Every question was clear and reasonable.


THEIR FINAL RESPONSE

Their final reply was brief:

No clarification.
No explanation.
No evidence.
No answers.

The conversation ended there.

When a company is unable or unwilling to explain its own decisions, that silence becomes part of the story. In this case, it was very revealing.


WHAT THEIR SILENCE REVEALS

The refusal to answer the key questions suggested several things.

If QR codes offered real security benefits, Sainsbury’s would have been able to explain them.
If barcodes had been misused or cloned, they would have been able to provide examples.
If the app was genuinely optional, they would have been able to clarify the contradiction between the two messages.

None of this happened.

It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that the language of security was used as a convenient justification rather than as a genuine explanation.

The unwillingness to discuss future intentions also stood out. If there were no plans to increase app dependency, it would have been very easy to say so. The fact that the question went unanswered speaks for itself.

This pattern is becoming common across modern systems. Optional digital tools gradually replace physical ones. Convenience slowly becomes expectation. Expectation becomes requirement. By the time customers realise what has happened, the change is already complete.


WHO GETS LEFT BEHIND

Digital only systems do not affect all customers equally.

Those without smartphones are excluded.
Those who avoid unnecessary apps are pressured.
Those with disabilities face new barriers.
Those with mental health conditions that make digital engagement difficult are sidelined.
Those who value privacy lose options.
Those who prefer predictable, low friction systems are made to feel out of place.

These experiences are rarely acknowledged in corporate messaging. The narrative focuses on convenience and modernisation, while those who cannot or do not participate digitally are treated as acceptable losses.

The Nectar update may seem small, but it reflects a growing cultural shift: the smoothest path is reserved for those who comply with digital expectations. Everyone else is given slow lanes, workarounds or reduced functionality.


CLOSING REFLECTION

My exchange with Sainsbury’s will not change the direction of a major corporation, but it still mattered to me. I asked questions that deserved answers. I pointed out contradictions. I raised concerns about accessibility. I approached the issue calmly and respectfully.

They chose not to engage with the substance of those questions.

The refusal became part of the story. It revealed how easily convenience becomes compulsion, and how quickly the language of security is used to mask deeper changes in customer control.

Small acts of resistance matter.
They expose patterns that are otherwise silent.
They help others recognise similar pressures in their own lives.
They remind us that opting out is not unreasonable.
And they show that asking for clarity is a valid response to vague or contradictory messaging.

A loyalty scheme should make life easier.
It should not require loyalty to an app.
And if a company chooses to head in that direction, the least it can offer is an honest explanation.